The worst thing would be finding everything rusted/corroded in a couple of weeks, on that boat of yours, really.
That would be costly, but far from the worst thing that could happen. The worst thing that could happen would be not making it back in because the boat couldn't handle the cards that were dealt by the sea.
If you stick to the bay, away from the ship channel, you'll probably be fine and have a great time.
A few years ago on a very calm morning we took our 20 foot bay boat out to the end of the Galveston North Jetty, then went east somewhat parallel to land for 5 or 10 miles drift fishing. We noticed the sky getting dark back toward the ramp where we launched at the base of the North Jetty so we checked the weather radio and started to head back in. Looking to the left, farther offshore, I saw what looked like a lot of smoke coming off a ship or something. Then I realized it was a big water spout, so we sped it up to full throttle. The wind was coming from the front, but the waves were tolerable being stifled by the jetty. When we got to the small boat cut it looked really rough on the other side where we needed to go, but the storm was getting closer and was soon to be upon us, coming from the direction that we needed to go. We went through the boat cut, and it was a pretty wild ride. I used to keep type 1 offshore life jackets in the bow storage compartment, and decided it was time to get them out. When I tried to go to the front of the boat, with my wife driving, the shift in weight made the waves break over the bow. So much for that. I've had the boat for a long time and know how to drive it, and we made it in okay, but it really was on the edge. As usual, my wife and two young boys were with me. They later said it was a blast and wanted to do it again (the boys said that, not my wife). I always thought if things got bad and the engine died, I would tie a drift anchor or 5 gallon bucket to the bow to keep us pointed into the wind and rough seas. That trip made me realize I'll never be able to go to the front and tie it on. My biggest concern with a bass boat offshore is the low bow. The weather can change quickly and a bass boat will most likely not have a VHF radio on it for a Mayday call or to monitor the weather channel.
All of the suggestions about hosing the boat and trailer off afterward are dead on. If the trailer's not galvanized or aluminum, I wouldn't launch in salt water.