I guess I've never thought of carp being that smart, and that you needed sophisticated rigs to get them
European gear and techniques were developed because their fish received far more pressure than ours do (their fish probably see baits with hooks in them hundreds of times more than our average fish). It's not that their carp are smarter, it's just that they are confronted with more learning opportunities than ours.
Each piece of the Euro carping gear has evolved for a purpose. The long rod allow fishing at greater distances, over 150 yards if required. There's really no way to fish at these distances with American gear; in this case, longer is not just better, it's required. Fortunately we don't have to fish at those distances too often.
The baitrunner reels provide a tiny amount of drag when a fish "bolts" right after it is hooked, and a larger amount of drag when you want to fight it. You can get the same effect by just backing off the drag on a standard reel before the fish is hooked, then tightening it up to fight the fish. It's just easier with a baitrunner reel, which switches from the lighter (baitrunner) drag to the main drag as soon as you start reeling.
The tiny hooks (typically size 6 or smaller) make sense when you realize how truly small a carp's mouth is. A 20-pound carp probably has a mouth the size of a 1- or 2-pound bass. You can catch carp with larger hooks, but your numbers will probably go down.
You can certainly catch carp with just a Carolina rig, but it requires more skill to set the hook at just the right time. A bolt rig is basically a small hook on a modest leader attached to a weight of about 3 ounces. When the carp takes the bait and hook into its mouth and moves away from the sinker, the leader tightens and sets the hook automatically. A bolt rig allows you to just "set it and forget it" while you do something else. Most of the "fancy" features of bolt rigs (like safety clips or anti-tangle tubing) either increase the chance that a fish won't die if the main line breaks, or they help ensure that your cast does not result in a tangled mess on the bottom of the lake.
The other stuff, like pods and bite alarms, basically help keep your rods and reels in a predictable place and help you detect bites. Again, you don't need this stuff, but if you're fishing in the middle of the night, it's nice to know where you gear is in case you have to stumble out of your tent to find your rod and fight a fish. The alarms are not necessary, either, but it beats having to stare at your line for hours on end looking for a bite.
I could go on, but you get the idea. The only things that are
necessary are a rod, reel, line, hook, and bait, and most American fisherman already use these. If the fish are feeding heavily, you can catch carp on just about any gear. But if conditions are tough or you're fishing for more than just a couple hours, or you're trying to catch fish that weigh more than a kindergartner, the European system makes catching carp a lot more enjoyable, more effective, and maybe just a little bit cooler.
